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Carbon dioxide from air will fundamentally transform the global energy and materials economy
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CDR will be the largest application of DAC technology in the long term. It will be indispensable for offsetting unavoidable and removing historical emissions, which can’t be realized by point source capture of CO₂ from fossil sources.
The emissions caused by heating of buildings is another sector where CO₂ emissions keep growing. It takes huge infrastructure investments like heat networks which take decades to build and put into operation. While this transition takes place, direct air capture offers any building owner the opportunity to become CO₂ neutral by paying for the removal and storage of the CO₂ emissions caused by the heating of the buildings.
While direct air capture can help to become CO₂ neutral on the short term, it will also be needed to clean up the historical emissions that caused the CO₂ level to raise up to 420 ppm. The IPCC clearly indicates that negative emissions will be needed to reach the targets of the Paris Climate Agreement by 2050. This is a longer term market as countries will need to agree on splitting the costs of this clean-up operation. But it needs to be done and the sooner, the better.
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Another large market for DAC will be renewable synthetic fuels (including natural gas, diesel, gasoline, kerosene), methanol and naphtha.
Long-distance flights will rely on kerosene, at least for the coming decades. Renewable kerosene can be synthesized out of direct air captured CO₂ and renewable hydrogen. This makes aviation carbon-neutral.
Renewable synthetics can be made to fuel ships (e.g., using methanol) and trucks (e.g., using diesel) and make these forms of long-distance transport more sustainable.
The materials industry needs renewable carbon to stay sustainable. Direct air capture offers a solution for the chemical sector if made cost-effective. Using green hydrogen and CO₂ from air, we can replace fossil fuels with renewable materials.
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The CEA market includes high-tech greenhouses, vertical farms and plant factories, where enriching air with CO₂ (to 1,000 ppm) boosts crop yields by 20-40%.
High-tech greenhouses rely on CO₂ from nearby chemical plants, but transport is costly and fossil-based CO₂ faces rising taxes. The sector seeks a green, local CO₂ source, with direct air capture as the preferred solution if competitively priced.
Vertical farms are considered to be the future of agriculture as it allows to grow crops anywhere in the world, including in those areas where the climate is very hostile.
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HIF is producing e-fuels in Chili using redundant wind energy. Memorandum of understanding in place for pilot tests as stepping stone towards production plant of 1.5Mton of e-fuel.
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TES is Producing sustainable synthetic methane that can seamlessly replace fossil fuels. We have a pilot agreement in place for 4x 100 -ton systems.
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Permanent carbon storage underground. Deep Sky is building the infrastructure allowing for giga-tons of CO₂ removal, scaling up from Deep Sky Labs to Deep Sky One.
